NGINX: upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream

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This happens because your upstream takes too long to answer the request and NGINX thinks the upstream already failed in processing the request, so it responds with an error.
Just include and increase proxy_read_timeout in location config block.
Same thing happened to me and I used 1 hour timeout for an internal app at work:

proxy_read_timeout 3600;

With this, NGINX will wait for an hour (3600s) for its upstream to return something.

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