nonlocal keyword in Python 2.x

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Inner functions can read nonlocal variables in 2.x, just not rebind them. This is annoying, but you can work around it. Just create a dictionary, and store your data as elements therein. Inner functions are not prohibited from mutating the objects that nonlocal variables refer to.

To use the example from Wikipedia:

def outer():
    d = {'y' : 0}
    def inner():
        d['y'] += 1
        return d['y']
    return inner

f = outer()
print(f(), f(), f()) #prints 1 2 3

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