PDO bindParam vs. execute

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You might find bindParam used when you just want to bind a variable reference to a parameter in the query, but perhaps still need to do some manipulations on it and only want the value of the variable calculated at time of query execution. It also allows you to do more complex things like bind a parameter to a stored procedure call and have the returned value updated into the bound variable.

For more, see the bindParam documentation, bindValue documentation and execute documentation.

For example

$col1 = 'some_value';
$pdo->bindParam(':col1', $col1);
$col1 = 'some_other_value';
$pdo->execute(); // would use 'some_other_value' for ':col1' parameter

bindValue and passing an array to execute behave in much the same way as the parameter value is fixed at that point and SQL executed accordingly.

Following the same example above, but using bindValue

$col1 = 'some_value';
$pdo->bindValue(':col1', $col1);
$col1 = 'some_other_value';
$pdo->execute(); // would use 'some_value' for ':col1' parameter

When passing values directly in execute all values are treated as strings (even if integer value is provided). So if you need to enforce data types, you should always use bindValue or bindParam.

I think you might see bind* used more than execute(array) as many consider it to be better coding practice to explicitly define data types in parameter declarations.

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