Not sure, but this may have been added in PHP 5.2.4:
- Changed error handler to send HTTP 500 instead of blank page on PHP errors. (Dmitry, Andrei Nigmatulin)
There is also this discussion on the internals list that might be related:
Quoting:
Current time most PHP instalations use setting ‘display_error=0’.
This setting hides errors from user but may send to him just a blank page.The proposed patch sends HTTP 500 response on errors instead of blank pages.
The pages that already wrote something are not affectd.Any objections or additions?
and the proposed solution/patch seems to be shown here: