You need to wrap the SELECT statement into a derived table in order to be able to access the column alias:
select cost1,
quantity_1,
cost_2,
quantity_2
total_1 + total_2 as total_3
from (
select cost_1,
quantity_1,
cost_2,
quantity_2,
(cost_1 * quantity_1) as total_1,
(cost_2 * quantity_2) as total_2
from data
) t
There won’t be any performance penalty on that.
(I’m really surprised that your original SQL statement runs at all in a DBMS)