Pthread Mutex lock unlock by different threads

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Pthreads has 3 different kinds of mutexes: Fast mutex, recursive mutex, and error checking mutex. You used a fast mutex which, for performance reasons, will not check for this error. If you use the error checking mutex on Linux you will find you get the results you expect.

Below is a small hack of your program as an example and proof. It locks the mutex in main() and the unlock in the created thread will fail. 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*** NOTE THE ATTR INITIALIZER HERE! ***/
pthread_mutex_t mutex1 = PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP;

int counter = 0;


void *functionD(void* data)
{
   int rc;

   if ((rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex1)) != 0)
   {
       errno = rc;
       perror("other thread unlock result");
       exit(1);
   }

   pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1);
   counter=10;
   printf("Thread02: Counter value: %d\n",counter);

   return(data);
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int rc1;
   pthread_t thread1;

   if ((rc1 = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1)) != 0)
   {
       errno = rc1;
       perror("main lock result");
   }

   if( (rc1 = pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, &functionD, NULL)))
   {
      printf("Thread creation failed: %d\n", rc1);
   }

   pthread_join(thread1, NULL);
}

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