What I have done for this is create a simple component that adds an extra property to the Route component which is layout:
function RouteWithLayout({layout, component, ...rest}){
return (
<Route {...rest} render={(props) =>
React.createElement( layout, props, React.createElement(component, props))
}/>
);
}
Then in your case your routes would look like this
<Switch>
<RouteWithLayout layout={PublicLayout} path="https://stackoverflow.com/" component={HomePage}/>
<RouteWithLayout layout={PublicLayout} path="/about" component={AboutPage}/>
<RouteWithLayout layout={PrivateLayout} path="/profile" component={ProfilePage}/>
<RouteWithLayout layout={PrivateLayout} path="/dashboard" component={DashboardPage}/>
</Switch>