Select ListBoxItem if TextBox in ItemTemplate gets focus

You can trigger on the property IsKeyboardFocusWithin in the ItemContainerStyle and set IsSelected to true.

<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
    <Style TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
        <Style.Triggers>
            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsKeyboardFocusWithin, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}" Value="True">
                <DataTrigger.EnterActions>
                    <BeginStoryboard>
                        <Storyboard>
                            <BooleanAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ListBoxItem.IsSelected)">
                                <DiscreteBooleanKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="True"/>
                            </BooleanAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                        </Storyboard>
                    </BeginStoryboard>
                </DataTrigger.EnterActions>
            </DataTrigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>

You could also use a Setter instead of a single frame animation but then the selection will be lost again once the focus leaves the ListBox:

<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
    <Style TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
        <Style.Triggers>
            <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding IsKeyboardFocusWithin, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}" Value="True">
                <Setter Property="IsSelected" Value="True"/>
            </DataTrigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>

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