should I call close() after urllib.urlopen()?

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The close method must be called on the result of urllib.urlopen, not on the urllib module itself as you’re thinking about (as you mention urllib.close — which doesn’t exist).

The best approach: instead of x = urllib.urlopen(u) etc, use:

import contextlib

with contextlib.closing(urllib.urlopen(u)) as x:
   ...use x at will here...

The with statement, and the closing context manager, will ensure proper closure even in presence of exceptions.

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