No. The expansion takes place before the command is actually run.
You can only disable the glob before running the command or by quoting the star.
$ # quote it
$ foo '*'
$ # or escape it
$ foo \*
$ # or disable the glob (noglob)
$ set -f
$ foo *
$ # alternative to set -f
$ set -o noglob
$ # undo it by
$ set +o noglob