cout << a is printing a value which appears to be garbage to you. It is not garbage actually. It is just a non-printable ASCII character which is getting printed anyway. Note that ASCII character corresponding to 1 is non-printable. You can check whether a is printable or not using, std::isprint as: std::cout << std::isprint(a) … Read more
With the following, #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << std::setfill(‘0’) << std::setw(5) << 25; } the output will be 00025 setfill is set to the space character (‘ ‘) by default. setw sets the width of the field to be printed, and that’s it. If you are interested in knowing how the … Read more
I’m surprised that everyone in this question claims that std::cout is way better than printf, even if the question just asked for differences. Now, there is a difference – std::cout is C++, and printf is C (however, you can use it in C++, just like almost anything else from C). Now, I’ll be honest here; … Read more
To represent the character you can use Universal Character Names (UCNs). The character ‘ф’ has the Unicode value U+0444 and so in C++ you could write it ‘\u0444’ or ‘\U00000444’. Also if the source code encoding supports this character then you can just write it literally in your source code. // both of these assume … Read more
There’s no sequence point with the << operator so the compiler is free to evaluate either dequeue function first. What is guaranteed is that the result of the second dequeue call (in the order in which it appears in the expression and not necessarily the order in which it is evaluated) is <<‘ed to the … Read more
When you are taking the address of b, you get char *. operator<< interprets that as a C string, and tries to print a character sequence instead of its address. try cout << “address of char :” << (void *) &b << endl instead. [EDIT] Like Tomek commented, a more proper cast to use in … Read more
If you have a C++11 compiler, I would suggest using a range-based for-loop (see below); or else use an iterator. But you have several options, all of which I will explain in what follows. range-based for-loop (C++11) In C++11 (and later) you can use the new range-based for-loop, which looks like this: std::vector<char> path; // … Read more
It doesn’t really print a blank, but most probably the ASCII character with value 5, which is non-printable (or invisible). There’s a number of invisible ASCII character codes, most of them below value 32, which is the blank actually. You have to convert aa to unsigned int to output the numeric value, since ostream& operator<<(ostream&, … Read more
If you have a C++11 compiler, I would suggest using a range-based for-loop (see below); or else use an iterator. But you have several options, all of which I will explain in what follows. range-based for-loop (C++11) In C++11 (and later) you can use the new range-based for-loop, which looks like this: std::vector<char> path; // … Read more
You can set the precision directly on std::cout and use the std::fixed format specifier. double d = 3.14159265358979; cout.precision(17); cout << “Pi: ” << fixed << d << endl; You can #include <limits> to get the maximum precision of a float or double. #include <limits> typedef std::numeric_limits< double > dbl; double d = 3.14159265358979; cout.precision(dbl::max_digits10); … Read more