You can find an answer in the python3 documentation for object.__getattribute__, which states: Called unconditionally to implement attribute accesses for instances of the class. If the class also defines __getattr__(), the latter will not be called unless __getattribute__() either calls it explicitly or raises an AttributeError. This method should return the (computed) attribute value or … Read more
Use class-level PHPDoc comment — specifically @method tag — works fine in PhpStorm: /** * @method static someClass get_by_user_id(int $id) Bla-bla * @method static someClass get_first_by_id(int $id) */ abstract class a { … In the above: @method — PHPDoc tag static — tells that this is static method someClass or $this — return type get_by_user_id … Read more
Here’s a very simple example for Python that should supplement the pickle docs. class Foo(object): def __init__(self, val=2): self.val = val def __getstate__(self): print(“I’m being pickled”) self.val *= 2 return self.__dict__ def __setstate__(self, d): print(“I’m being unpickled with these values: ” + repr(d)) self.__dict__ = d self.val *= 3 import pickle f = Foo() f_data … Read more
If __len__ returns a length over sys.maxsize, len() will raise an exception. This isn’t true of calling __len__ directly. (In fact you could return any object from __len__ which won’t be caught unless it goes through len().)
What do the exception messages mean, and how do they relate to the problem? As one might guess, a TypeError is an Error that has to do with the Type of something. In this case, the meaning is a bit strained: Python also uses this error type for function calls where the arguments (the things … Read more
I almost posted this as a comment to the other answers but it’s really an answer in and of itself. To make your items sortable, they only need to implement __lt__. That’s the only method used by the built in sort. The other comparisons or functools.total_ordering are only needed if you actually want to use … Read more
Special methods (essentially anything with two underscores on each end) have to be defined on the class. The internal lookup procedure for special methods completely skips the instance dict. Among other things, this is so if you do class Foo(object): def __repr__(self): return ‘Foo()’ the __repr__ method you defined is only used for instances of … Read more
All you need to do is add “&” in front of your __get function to pass it as reference: public function &__get ( $index ) Struggled with this one for a while.
I don’t think there’s anything deeper going on than what you have originally said: it’s just syntactic sugar whereby the compiler converts f(a) into f.apply(a) as a special syntax case. This might seem like a specific rule, but only a few of these (for example, with update) allows for DSL-like constructs and libraries.
[UPDATE] – added (yet another) explanation on for comprehensions The * method: This returns the default projection – which is how you describe: ‘all the columns (or computed values) I am usually interested’ in. Your table could have several fields; you only need a subset for your default projection. The default projection must match the … Read more