Get the size of the circular array ($circsize
)and then mod the value $i
against it and use that as your index:
$mainArray = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
$size = count($mainArray);
$circular = array('A', 'B', 'C');
$circsize = count($circular);
for($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
echo $mainArray[$i] . ' = ' . $circular[$i % $circsize] . ', ';
}