In my case the issue was that the emulator was making a request to:
http://10.0.2.2:8081/debugger-ui
instead of:
http://localhost:8081/debugger-ui
and the request was failing.
To solve the issue: Before enabling remote debugging on your emulator, open http://localhost:8081/debugger-ui
in chrome. Then enable remote debugging and go back to the chrome page where you should see your console logs.