You can’t scroll <tkinter.Frame> so we use a dummy canvas. We put the frame inside the canvas so that when we scroll the canvas it looks like we are scrolling the frame. We also have to bind to the user scrolling and the scrollbar being changed.
If you want it as a class:
import tkinter as tk
FIT_WIDTH = "fit_width"
FIT_HEIGHT = "fit_height"
class ScrollableFrame(tk.Frame):
"""
There is no way to scroll <tkinter.Frame> so we are
going to create a canvas and place the frame there.
Scrolling the canvas will give the illusion of scrolling
the frame
Partly taken from:
https://blog.tecladocode.com/tkinter-scrollable-frames/
https://stackoverflow.com/a/17457843/11106801
master_frame---------------------------------------------------------
| dummy_canvas----------------------------------------- y_scroll-- |
| | self--------------------------------------------- | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ------------------------------------------------ | | | |
| ---------------------------------------------------- --------- |
| x_scroll--------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| ---------------------------------------------------- |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
"""
def __init__(self, master=None, scroll_speed:int=2, hscroll:bool=False,
vscroll:bool=True, bd:int=0, scrollbar_kwargs={},
bg="#f0f0ed", **kwargs):
assert isinstance(scroll_speed, int), "`scroll_speed` must be an int"
self.scroll_speed = scroll_speed
self.master_frame = tk.Frame(master, bd=bd, bg=bg)
self.master_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.master_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.dummy_canvas = tk.Canvas(self.master_frame, highlightthickness=0,
bd=0, bg=bg, **kwargs)
super().__init__(self.dummy_canvas, bg=bg)
# Create the 2 scrollbars
if vscroll:
self.v_scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.master_frame,
orient="vertical",
command=self.dummy_canvas.yview,
**scrollbar_kwargs)
self.v_scrollbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="news")
self.dummy_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.v_scrollbar.set)
if hscroll:
self.h_scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.master_frame,
orient="horizontal",
command=self.dummy_canvas.xview,
**scrollbar_kwargs)
self.h_scrollbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="news")
self.dummy_canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.h_scrollbar.set)
# Bind to the mousewheel scrolling
self.dummy_canvas.bind_all("<MouseWheel>", self.scrolling_windows,
add=True)
self.dummy_canvas.bind_all("<Button-4>", self.scrolling_linux, add=True)
self.dummy_canvas.bind_all("<Button-5>", self.scrolling_linux, add=True)
self.bind("<Configure>", self.scrollbar_scrolling, add=True)
# Place `self` inside `dummy_canvas`
self.dummy_canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self, anchor="nw")
# Place `dummy_canvas` inside `master_frame`
self.dummy_canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="news")
self.pack = self.master_frame.pack
self.grid = self.master_frame.grid
self.place = self.master_frame.place
self.pack_forget = self.master_frame.pack_forget
self.grid_forget = self.master_frame.grid_forget
self.place_forget = self.master_frame.place_forget
def scrolling_windows(self, event:tk.Event) -> None:
assert event.delta != 0, "On Windows, `event.delta` should never be 0"
y_steps = int(-event.delta/abs(event.delta)*self.scroll_speed)
self.dummy_canvas.yview_scroll(y_steps, "units")
def scrolling_linux(self, event:tk.Event) -> None:
y_steps = self.scroll_speed
if event.num == 4:
y_steps *= -1
self.dummy_canvas.yview_scroll(y_steps, "units")
def scrollbar_scrolling(self, event:tk.Event) -> None:
region = list(self.dummy_canvas.bbox("all"))
region[2] = max(self.dummy_canvas.winfo_width(), region[2])
region[3] = max(self.dummy_canvas.winfo_height(), region[3])
self.dummy_canvas.configure(scrollregion=region)
def resize(self, fit:str=None, height:int=None, width:int=None) -> None:
"""
Resizes the frame to fit the widgets inside. You must either
specify (the `fit`) or (the `height` or/and the `width`) parameter.
Parameters:
fit:str `fit` can be either `FIT_WIDTH` or `FIT_HEIGHT`.
`FIT_WIDTH` makes sure that the frame's width can
fit all of the widgets. `FIT_HEIGHT` is simmilar
height:int specifies the height of the frame in pixels
width:int specifies the width of the frame in pixels
To do:
ALWAYS_FIT_WIDTH
ALWAYS_FIT_HEIGHT
"""
if height is not None:
self.dummy_canvas.config(height=height)
if width is not None:
self.dummy_canvas.config(width=width)
if fit == FIT_WIDTH:
super().update()
self.dummy_canvas.config(width=super().winfo_width())
elif fit == FIT_HEIGHT:
super().update()
self.dummy_canvas.config(height=super().winfo_height())
else:
raise ValueError("Unknow value for the `fit` parameter.")
fit = resize
# Example 1
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
frame = ScrollableFrame(root, width=300, height=200, hscroll=True, vscroll=True)
frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
# Add the widgets in the main diagonal to see the horizontal and
# vertical scrolling
for i in range(51):
label = tk.Label(frame, text=i, anchor="w")
label.grid(row=i, column=i)
root.mainloop()
# Example 2
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
frame = ScrollableFrame(root, height=200, hscroll=False, vscroll=True)
frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
for i in range(51):
label = tk.Label(frame, text=f"Label number {i}")
label.pack(anchor="w")
# Force the frame to resize to fit all of the widgets:
frame.resize(FIT_WIDTH)
root.mainloop()