You need to use an object (not a primitive) in the parent scope and then you will be able to update it directly from the child scope
Parent:
app.controller('ctrlParent',function($scope){
$scope.parentprimitive = "someprimitive";
$scope.parentobj = {};
$scope.parentobj.parentproperty = "someproperty";
});
Child:
app.controller('ctrlChild',function($scope){
$scope.parentprimitive = "this will NOT modify the parent"; //new child scope variable
$scope.parentobj.parentproperty = "this WILL modify the parent";
});
Working demo: http://jsfiddle.net/sh0ber/xxNxj/
See What are the nuances of scope prototypal / prototypical inheritance in AngularJS?