Validate object based on external factors (ie. data store uniqueness)

I would suggest an experiment that i have only been trialling for the last week or so.

Based on this inspiration i am creating DTOs that validate a little differently to that of the DataAnnotations approach. Sample DTO:

public class Contact : DomainBase, IModelObject
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public LazyList<ContactDetail> Details { get; set; }
    public DateTime Updated { get; set; }


    protected override void ConfigureRules()
    {
        base.AddRule(new ValidationRule()
        {
            Properties = new string[] { "name" },
            Description = "A Name is required but must not exceed 300 characters in length and some special characters are not allowed",
            validator = () => this.Name.IsRequired300LenNoSpecial()
        });

        base.AddRule(new ValidationRule()
        {
            Properties = new string[] { "updated" },
            Description = "required",
            validator = () => this.Updated.IsRequired()
        });
    }
}

This might look more work than DataAnnotations and well, that’s coz it is, but it’s not huge. I think it’s more presentable in the class (i have some really ugly DTO classes now with DataAnnotations attributes – you can’t even see the properties any more). And the power of anonymous delegates in this application is almost book-worthy (so i’m discovering).

Base class:

public partial class DomainBase : IDataErrorInfo
{
    private IList<ValidationRule> _rules = new List<ValidationRule>();

    public DomainBase()
    {
        // populate the _rules collection
        this.ConfigureRules();
    }

    protected virtual void ConfigureRules()
    {
        // no rules if not overridden
    }

    protected void AddRule(ValidationRule rule)
    {
        this._rules.Add(rule);
    }





    #region IDataErrorInfo Members

    public string Error
    {
        get { return String.Empty; }    // Validation should call the indexer so return "" here
    }                                   // ..we dont need to support this property.

    public string this[string columnName]
    {
        get
        {
            // get all the rules that apply to the property being validated
            var rulesThatApply = this._rules
                .Where(r => r.Properties.Contains(columnName));

            // get a list of error messages from the rules
            StringBuilder errorMessages = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (ValidationRule rule in rulesThatApply)
                if (!rule.validator.Invoke())   // if validator returns false then the rule is broken
                    if (errorMessages.ToString() == String.Empty)
                        errorMessages.Append(rule.Description);
                    else
                        errorMessages.AppendFormat("\r\n{0}", rule.Description);

            return errorMessages.ToString();
        }
    }

    #endregion
}

ValidationRule and my validation functions:

public class ValidationRule
{
    public string[] Properties { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public Func<bool> validator { get; set; }
}


/// <summary>
/// These extention methods return true if the validation condition is met.
/// </summary>
public static class ValidationFunctions
{
    #region IsRequired

    public static bool IsRequired(this String str)
    {
        return !str.IsNullOrTrimEmpty();
    }

    public static bool IsRequired(this int num)
    {
        return num != 0;
    }

    public static bool IsRequired(this long num)
    {
        return num != 0;
    }

    public static bool IsRequired(this double num)
    {
        return num != 0;
    }

    public static bool IsRequired(this Decimal num)
    {
        return num != 0;
    }

    public static bool IsRequired(this DateTime date)
    {
        return date != DateTime.MinValue;
    }

    #endregion


    #region String Lengths

    public static bool IsLengthLessThanOrEqual(this String str, int length)
    {
        return str.Length <= length;
    }

    public static bool IsRequiredWithLengthLessThanOrEqual(this String str, int length)
    {
        return !str.IsNullOrTrimEmpty() && (str.Length <= length);
    }

    public static bool IsRequired300LenNoSpecial(this String str)
    {
        return !str.IsNullOrTrimEmpty() &&
            str.RegexMatch(@"^[- \r\n\\\.!:*,@$%&""?\(\)\w']{1,300}$",
                RegexOptions.Multiline) == str;
    }

    #endregion

}

If my code looks messy well that’s because i’ve only been working on this validation approach for the last few days. I need this idea to meet a few requirements:

• I need to support the IDataErrorInfo interface so my MVC layer validates automatically
• I need to be able to support complex validation scenarios (the whole point of your question i guess): I want to be able to validate against multiple properties on the same object (ie. StartDate and FinishDate); properties from different/multiple/associated objects like i would have in an object graph; and even other things i haven’t thought of yet.
• I need to support the idea of an error applying to more than one property
• As part of my TDD and DDD journey i want my Domain Objects to describe more my ‘domain’ than my Service layer methods, so putting these complex conditions in the model objects (not DTOs) seems to achieve this

This approach i think will get me what i want, and maybe you as well.

I’d imagine if you jump on board with me on this that we’d be pretty ‘by ourselves’ but it might be worth it. I was reading about the new validation capabilities in MVC 2 but it still doesn’t meet the above wish list without custom modification.

Hope this helps.