The linked comparisons are very thorough, but as far as the main differences I would note the following:
C# has anonymous methodsVB has these now, tooC# has the yield keyword (iterator blocks)VB11 added this- VB supports implicit late binding (C# has explicit late binding now via the dynamic keyword)
- VB supports XML literals
- VB is case insensitive
- More out-of-the-box code snippets for VB
More out-of-the-box refactoring tools for C#Visual Studio 2015 now provides the same refactoring tools for both VB and C#.
In general the things MS focuses on for each vary, because the two languages are targeted at very different audiences. This blog post has a good summary of the target audiences. It is probably a good idea to determine which audience you are in, because it will determine what kind of tools you’ll get from Microsoft.