What is the difference between PHP require and include?

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  • include includes a file and throws a warning if the file was not found.

  • require includes a file and throws a fatal error if the file was not found.

  • include_once and require_once do the same thing, but only if the file was not already loaded.

However, the need for one of the _once functions is usually a sign of bad design. You should build your scripts in a way that clearly defines what gets included where.

Choose one place for settings.php to get included – probably index.php. There should be no need to additionally include it in database.php.

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