what’s the differences between r and rb in fopen

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You should use "r" for opening text files. Different operating systems have slightly different ways of storing text, and this will perform the correct translations so that you don’t need to know about the idiosyncracies of the local operating system. For example, you will know that newlines will always appear as a simple "\n", regardless of where the code runs.

You should use "rb" if you’re opening non-text files, because in this case, the translations are not appropriate.

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