When should I use root.update() in tkInter for python

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The answer should be never. Even if your code works with .update() there will be no garentee that it will ever do so. The quick answer is, you will never know what you are doing with this command at the very moment. Use .update_idletasks() instead.

Out of the docs:

update services all outstanding events, including those that come due
while update is operating. It was provided to allow tasks such as
refreshing a GUI to happen immediately. coroutine provides another way
to structure code so that events can be serviced at strategic points
in the control flow. Even before coroutine was available, many Tcl
programmers found that if the need to use update arises, it’s a clue
that the script should be restructured.

update works by performing the following steps in a loop until no
events are serviced in one iteration:

Service the first event whose scheduled time has come. If no such
events are found, service all events currently in the idle queue, but
not those added once this step starts.

update idletasks skips the first step, processing only events in the
idle queue.

Why is it harmfull?

The issue is that update has virtually unconstrained side effects.
Code that calls update doesn’t know what any random event handler
might have done to its data while the update was in progress. This
fact is the source of insidious bugs.

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