Where is `%p` useful with printf?

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They do not do the same thing. The latter printf statement interprets b as an unsigned int, which is wrong, as b is a pointer.

Pointers and unsigned ints are not always the same size, so these are not interchangeable. When they aren’t the same size (an increasingly common case, as 64-bit CPUs and operating systems become more common), %x will only print half of the address. On a Mac (and probably some other systems), that will ruin the address; the output will be wrong.

Always use %p for pointers.

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