Why do we separately cast to “float” in an integer division?

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The objective is to avoid the truncation that comes with integer division. This requires that at least one of the operands of the division be a floating point number. Thus you only need one cast to float, but in the right place. For example,

float variable = number1/(float)number2; // denominator is float

or

float variable = ((float)number1)/number2; // numerator is float

Note that in the second example, one extra set of parentheses has been added for clarity, but due to precedence rules, it is the same as

float variable = (float)number1/number2; // numerator is float, same as above

Also note that in your second example,

float variable = (float)(number1/number2);

the cast to float is applied after the integer division, so this does not avoid truncation. Since the result of the expression is assigned to a float anyway, it is the exact of

float variable = number1/number2;

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