Why does numpy have a corresponding function for many ndarray methods?

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As others have noted, the identically-named NumPy functions and array methods are often equivalent (they end up calling the same underlying code). One might be preferred over the other if it makes for easier reading.

However, in some instances the two behave different slightly differently. In particular, using the ndarray method sometimes emphasises the fact that the method is modifying the array in-place.

For example, np.resize returns a new array with the specified shape. On the other hand, ndarray.resize changes the shape of the array in-place. The fill values used in each case are also different.

Similarly, a.sort() sorts the array a in-place, while np.sort(a) returns a sorted copy.

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