window.onload seems to trigger before the DOM is loaded (JavaScript)

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At the time window is loaded the body isn’t still loaded therefore you should correct your code in the following manner:

<script type="text/javascript">
    window.onload = function(){
        window.document.body.onload = doThis; // note removed parentheses
    };

    function doThis() {
        if (document.getElementById("myParagraph")) {
            alert("It worked!");
        } else {
            alert("It failed!");
        }
    }
</script>

Tested to work in FF/IE/Chrome, although thinking about handling document.onload too.

As already mentioned, using js-frameworks will be a far better idea.

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