a confusion about java String literal pool and String’s concatenation

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It behaves as it should. It is adressed in two sections of the JLS.

JLS #3.10.5:

strings that are the values of constant expressions (ยง15.28) – are “interned” so as to share unique instances, using the method String.intern.

JLS #15.28 lists what is considered as a constant expression. In particular, string literals are constant expressions (“Hel” and “lo”) but for a variable to be considered a constant, it needs to be final.

In your case, if you change your code slightly to make str8 and str9 constant, you will get true three times:

final String str8 = "Hel";
final String str9 = "lo";

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