Addition of two chars produces int

by

What you’re seeing is the result of the so-called “usual arithmetic conversions” that occur during arithmetic expressions, particularly those that are binary in nature (take two arguments).

This is described in §5/9:

Many binary operators that expect operands of arithmetic or enumeration type cause conversions and yield result types in a similar way. The purpose is to yield a common type, which is also the type of the result. This pattern is called the usual arithmetic conversions, which are defined as follows:

— If either operand is of type long double, the other shall be converted tolong double.
— Otherwise, if either operand is double, the other shall be converted to double.
— Otherwise, if either operand is float, the other shall be converted to float.
— Otherwise, the integral promotions (4.5) shall be performed on both operands.54)
— Then, if either operand is unsigned long the other shall be converted to unsigned long.
— Otherwise, if one operand is a long int and the other unsigned int, then if a long int can represent all the values of an unsigned int, the unsigned int shall be converted to a long int; otherwise both operands shall be converted to unsigned long
int.
— Otherwise, if either operand is long, the other shall be converted to long.
— Otherwise, if either operand is unsigned, the other shall be converted to unsigned.

[Note: otherwise, the only remaining case is that both operands are int]

The promotions alluded to in §4.5 are:

1 An rvalue of type char, signed char, unsigned char, short int, or unsigned short intcan be converted to an rvalue of type int if int can represent all the values of the source type; otherwise, the source rvalue can be converted to an rvalue of type unsigned int.

2 An rvalue of type wchar_t (3.9.1) or an enumeration type (7.2) can be converted to an rvalue of the first of the following types that can represent all the values of its underlying type: int, unsigned int, long, or unsigned long.

3 An rvalue for an integral bit-field (9.6) can be converted to an rvalue of type int if int can represent all the values of the bit-field; otherwise, it can be converted to unsigned int if unsigned int can represent all the values of the bit-field. If the bit-field is larger yet, no integral promotion applies to it. If the bit-field has an enumerated type, it is treated as any other value of that type for promotion purposes.

4 An rvalue of type bool can be converted to an rvalue of type int, with false becoming zero and true becoming one.

5 These conversions are called integral promotions.

From here, sections such as “Multiplicative operators” or “Additive operators” all have the phrase: “The usual arithmetic conversions are performed…” to specify the type of the expression.

In other words, when you do integral arithmetic the type is determined with the categories above. In your case, the promotion is covered by §4.5/1 and the type of the expressions are int.

More Related Contents:

  1. Efficient unsigned-to-signed cast avoiding implementation-defined behavior
  2. How to handle arbitrarily large integers
  3. in c++ when i declare an integer variable int a = 200L or int a = 200F or int a = 200U, It allows. How does this happen?
  4. How to add a number to an integer like a string
  5. How can I convert a std::string to int?
  6. Why is unsigned integer overflow defined behavior but signed integer overflow isn’t?
  7. Is signed integer overflow still undefined behavior in C++?
  8. How can I use cout
  9. Catch and compute overflow during multiplication of two large integers
  10. How do promotion rules work when the signedness on either side of a binary operator differ? [duplicate]
  11. (-2147483648> 0) returns true in C++?
  12. Question about C behaviour for unsigned integer underflow
  13. Efficient way to determine number of digits in an integer
  14. Why does long long n = 2000*2000*2000*2000; overflow?
  15. Convert String containing several numbers into integers
  16. performance of unsigned vs signed integers
  17. Overflowing of Unsigned Int
  18. C++ integer overflow
  19. Allowing signed integer overflows in C/C++
  20. Why does the most negative int value cause an error about ambiguous function overloads?
  21. Difference between long and int data types [duplicate]
  22. Loop until integer input is in required range fails to work with non-digit character inputs
  23. What range of values can integer types store in C++?
  24. Modular Exponentiation for high numbers in C++
  25. Why use !! when converting int to bool?
  26. How disastrous is integer overflow in C++?
  27. c++ integer->std::string conversion. Simple function?
  28. What do the C and C++ standards say about bit-level integer representation and manipulation?
  29. convert string to integer in c++
  30. How to convert int to string in C++

Leave a Comment