argument 1 has unexpected type ‘Ui_mainWindow’

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As I understand, you are using Ui_mainWindow generated from .ui file. As you can see Ui_mainWindow is just python class which contains widgets. getOpenFileName recieves QWidget instance as first parameter. So you need to subclass QWidget or QMainWindow and define methods in that class.

Code will look like this:

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

from file_with_ui import Ui_MainWindow

class Main(QtGui.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.setupUi(self)

    def browse(self):
        filename = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open File', '.')
        fname = open(filename)
        data = fname.read()
        self.textEdit.setText(data)
        fname.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = Main()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Alternatively you can store ui as instance attribute:

class Main(QtGui.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
         QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
         self.ui=Ui_MainWindow()
         self.ui.setupUi(self)

And acces your controls through self.ui, e.g.: self.ui.textEdit.setText(data)

Consider reading tutorial about pyuic usage PyQt by Example (Session 1)

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