Best way to get machine id on Linux?

Depending on your kernel, the DMI information may be available via sysfs.
Try those:

# cat /sys/class/dmi/id/board_serial
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
# cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid
xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx

or using a tool

# dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number
...
# dmidecode -s system-uuid
...

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