I think it’s logical tree. When using ControlTemplates, you’re replacing one visual tree with another, but I don’t think you can reference the names defined inside of the ControlTemplate.
For example:
<Page
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
<Grid>
<Grid.Resources>
<ControlTemplate x:Key="Foo" TargetType="Button">
<Border x:Name="border" Background="Red">
<Label Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"></Label>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Grid.Resources>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
<ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Button x:Name="buttonFoo" Background="Green" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Template="{DynamicResource Foo}">Foo</Button>
<Label x:Name="labelBar" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Background="{Binding ElementName=border, Path=Background}">Bar</Label>
</Grid>
</Page>
Doesn’t find the element named “border” in the ControlTemplate, but changing ElementName in labelBar’s binding to “buttonFoo” makes the Background Green, as expected.