C#: Detecting which application has focus

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This can be done in pure .NET using the Automation framework that is part of the WPF. Add references to UIAutomationClient and UIAutomationTypes and use Automation.AddAutomationFocusChangedEventHandler, e.g.:

public class FocusMonitor
{
    public FocusMonitor()
    {
        AutomationFocusChangedEventHandler focusHandler = OnFocusChanged;
        Automation.AddAutomationFocusChangedEventHandler(focusHandler);
    }

    private void OnFocusChanged(object sender, AutomationFocusChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        AutomationElement focusedElement = sender as AutomationElement;
        if (focusedElement != null)
        {
            int processId = focusedElement.Current.ProcessId;
            using (Process process = Process.GetProcessById(processId))
            {
                Debug.WriteLine(process.ProcessName);
            }
        }
    }
}

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