Can I convert a string to enum without macros in Rust?

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You should implement std::str::FromStr trait.

use std::str::FromStr;

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
enum Foo {
    Bar,
    Baz,
    Bat,
    Quux,
}

impl FromStr for Foo {

    type Err = ();

    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<Foo, Self::Err> {
        match input {
            "Bar"  => Ok(Foo::Bar),
            "Baz"  => Ok(Foo::Baz),
            "Bat"  => Ok(Foo::Bat),
            "Quux" => Ok(Foo::Quux),
            _      => Err(()),
        }
    }
}



fn main() {
    // Use it like this
    let f = Foo::from_str("Baz").unwrap();
    assert_eq!(f, Foo::Baz);
}

Code-generation (aka automatic convenience) and reflections usually bear a cost. In practice, it is unlikely that you will end up with more than a few enum variants.

Run in the playground

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