Center image element in parent div

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Add text-align: center; CSS declaration to the parent .box instead of the children .box img.

.box {
    height: 100%;
    width: 450px;
    border: 2px solid red;
    background: green;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-align: center;  /* align center all inline elements */
}

Here is the Fiddle.

Update

It seems there’s also a 5px gap under the image, It belongs to the line height reserved characters. To remove that from inline elements like <img> you can use vertical-align: bottom:

.box img {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    vertical-align: bottom; /* <-- fix the vertical gap */
}

JSFiddle Demo #2

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