Change OSX keyboard layout(“input source”) programmatically via terminal or AppleScript?

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You can do it using the Text Input Services API:

NSArray* sources = CFBridgingRelease(TISCreateInputSourceList((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)@{ (__bridge NSString*)kTISPropertyInputSourceID : @"com.apple.keylayout.French" }, FALSE));
TISInputSourceRef source = (__bridge TISInputSourceRef)sources[0];
OSStatus status = TISSelectInputSource(source);
if (status != noErr)
    /* handle error */;

The dictionary in the first line can use other properties for other criteria for picking an input source.

There’s also NSTextInputContext. It has a selectedKeyboardInputSource which can be set to an input source ID to select a different input source. The issue there is that you need an instance of NSTextInputContext to work with and one of those exists only when you have a key window with a text view as its first responder.

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