This is one of the cases where a const cast is undefined, since the code was probably optimized such that w isn’t really a variable and does not really exist in the compiled code.
Try the following:
const volatile int w = 10;
int &wr = const_cast <int &> (w);
wr = 20;
std::cout << w << std::endl;
Anyhow, I would not advise abusing const_cast like that.