Using modulus will work:
num % 1 != 0
// 23 % 1 = 0
// 23.5 % 1 = 0.5
Note that this is based on the numerical value of the number, regardless of format. It treats numerical strings containing whole numbers with a fixed decimal point the same as integers:
'10.0' % 1; // returns 0
10 % 1; // returns 0
'10.5' % 1; // returns 0.5
10.5 % 1; // returns 0.5