There are a couple of ways to do this.
The simple way is to use fgets
to get a string.
Then, we can use strtol
to decode the number [and we check the ending char for validity].
To do it completely manually, we can use isdigit
in a loop, building up the number one digit at a time.
Here’s some example code that is annotated and shows both ways:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <termios.h>
// getstr -- get a string with prompt
// RETURNS: length or (<0 -> error)
int
getstr(char *buf,int buflen,const char *prompt)
{
char *cp;
int ret = 0;
// decide if stdin is:
// (1) a TTY
// (2) a [redirected] file (e.g. invoked with ./myprogram < input)
static int echoflg = -1;
if (echoflg < 0) {
struct termios tio;
echoflg = (tcgetattr(fileno(stdin),&tio) < 0);
}
// NOTE: usage of the error codes in errno.h is arbitrary
while (ret <= 0) {
// ensure buffer has enough space
if (buflen < 2) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
break;
}
// output prompt
printf("%s: ",prompt);
fflush(stdout);
// get a line
cp = fgets(buf,buflen,stdin);
// EOF
if (cp == NULL) {
ret = -ENODATA;
break;
}
// echo file input to simulate TTY input
if (echoflg)
fputs(buf,stdout);
// get buffer length
ret = strlen(buf);
// empty string
if (ret <= 0)
continue;
// point to last char
cp = &buf[ret - 1];
// ensure we got a newline -- if not, fgets had to chop the line (i.e.)
// the line is too long to fit in the buffer
if (*cp != '\n') {
ret = -ENOSPC;
break;
}
// strip the newline -- we are done
*cp = 0;
--ret;
}
return ret;
}
// getnum_strtol -- get number using strtol
long
getnum_strtol(const char *prompt)
{
int len;
int readflg = 1;
char *cp;
char buf[100];
long num = 0;
while (readflg) {
len = getstr(buf,sizeof(buf),prompt);
if (len < 0)
exit(1);
num = strtol(buf,&cp,10);
// ensure we got a least one digit
if (cp <= buf)
continue;
switch (*cp) {
case ' ':
case '\t':
case 0:
readflg = 0;
break;
default:
printf("getnum_strtol: not a valid number -- buffer '%s', invalid '%s'\n",
buf,cp);
break;
}
}
return num;
}
// getnum_manual -- get number _not_ using strtol
long
getnum_manual(const char *prompt)
{
int len;
int readflg = 1;
int sign = 0;
int valid;
int chr;
char *cp;
char buf[100];
long num = 0;
while (readflg) {
len = getstr(buf,sizeof(buf),prompt);
// fatal error
if (len < 0)
exit(1);
// point to buffer start
cp = buf;
// find first non-whitespace character
valid = 0;
while (1) {
chr = *cp;
// end of string
if (chr == 0)
break;
// found character
valid = ((chr != ' ') && (chr != '\t'));
if (valid)
break;
++cp;
}
if (!valid)
continue;
// reset the accumlated number and the sign
num = 0;
sign = 0;
valid = 0;
// loop through all characters in buffer
while (1) {
chr = *cp++;
// get the sign of the number (and skip an explicit sign)
if (sign == 0) {
switch (chr) {
case '+':
sign = 1;
chr = *cp++;
break;
case '-':
sign = -1;
chr = *cp++;
break;
default:
sign = 1;
break;
}
}
// stop decoding number on whitespace
switch (chr) {
case ' ':
case '\t':
chr = 0;
break;
}
// check for clean end of number
if (chr == 0) {
if (valid) {
readflg = 0;
break;
}
}
// not a valid digit
if (!isdigit((unsigned char) chr)) {
cp -= 1;
printf("getnum_manual: not a valid number -- buffer '%s', invalid '%s'\n",
buf,cp);
break;
}
// add digit to number
num *= 10;
chr -= '0';
num += chr;
// we got at least one valid digit
valid = 1;
}
}
// apply sign
num *= sign;
return num;
}
int
main(int argc,char **argv)
{
char *cp;
int opt_s = 0;
long num;
// skip over program name
--argc;
++argv;
// get options
for (; argc > 0; --argc, ++argv) {
cp = *argv;
if (*cp != '-')
break;
cp += 2;
switch (cp[-1]) {
case 's': // use strtol
opt_s = !opt_s;
break;
}
}
while (1) {
if (opt_s)
num = getnum_strtol("Enter number [strtol]");
else
num = getnum_manual("Enter number [manual]");
printf("The number entered is: %ld\n",num);
if (num == 999)
break;
}
return 0;
}
Edit: Added code to replay/echo input from file.