Complexity of *in* operator in Python

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The complexity of in depends entirely on what L is. e in L will become L.__contains__(e).

See this time complexity document for the complexity of several built-in types.

Here is the summary for in:

  • list – Average: O(n)
  • set/dict – Average: O(1), Worst: O(n)

The O(n) worst case for sets and dicts is very uncommon, but it can happen if __hash__ is implemented poorly. This only happens if everything in your set has the same hash value.

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