Convert colorPrimary to colorPrimaryDark (how much darker)

Material design color palette was not generated by manipulating the color in HSV. It was done with HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness).

Here is a utility class that will darken/lighten a color using HSL

package com.ammar.materialcolorizer;

import android.graphics.Color;

/**
 * A utility class for darkening and lightening colors in the same way as
 * material design color palettes
 * Created by Ammar Mardawi on 12/4/16.
 */

public class ColorUtil {

    /**
     * Darkens a given color
     * @param base base color
     * @param amount amount between 0 and 100
     * @return darken color
     */
    public static int darken(int base, int amount) {
        float[] hsv = new float[3];
        Color.colorToHSV(base, hsv);
        float[] hsl = hsv2hsl(hsv);
        hsl[2] -= amount / 100f;
        if (hsl[2] < 0)
            hsl[2] = 0f;
        hsv = hsl2hsv(hsl);
        return Color.HSVToColor(hsv);
    }

    /**
     * lightens a given color
     * @param base base color
     * @param amount amount between 0 and 100
     * @return lightened
     */
    public static int lighten(int base, int amount) {
        float[] hsv = new float[3];
        Color.colorToHSV(base, hsv);
        float[] hsl = hsv2hsl(hsv);
        hsl[2] += amount / 100f;
        if (hsl[2] > 1)
            hsl[2] = 1f;
        hsv = hsl2hsv(hsl);
        return Color.HSVToColor(hsv);
    }


    /**
     * Converts HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color to HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness)
     * Credit goes to xpansive
     * https://gist.github.com/xpansive/1337890
     * @param hsv HSV color array
     * @return hsl
     */
    private static float[] hsv2hsl(float[] hsv) {
        float hue = hsv[0];
        float sat = hsv[1];
        float val = hsv[2];

        //Saturation is very different between the two color spaces
        //If (2-sat)*val < 1 set it to sat*val/((2-sat)*val)
        //Otherwise sat*val/(2-(2-sat)*val)
        //Conditional is not operating with hue, it is reassigned!
        // sat*val/((hue=(2-sat)*val)<1?hue:2-hue)
        float nhue = (2f - sat) * val;
        float nsat = sat * val / (nhue < 1f ? nhue : 2f - nhue);
        if (nsat > 1f)
            nsat = 1f;

        return new float[]{
                //[hue, saturation, lightness]
                //Range should be between 0 - 1
                hue, //Hue stays the same

                // check nhue and nsat logic
                nsat,

                nhue / 2f //Lightness is (2-sat)*val/2
                //See reassignment of hue above
        };
    }

    /**
     * Reverses hsv2hsl
     * Credit goes to xpansive
     * https://gist.github.com/xpansive/1337890
     * @param hsl HSL color array
     * @return hsv color array
     */
    private static float[] hsl2hsv(float[] hsl) {
        float hue = hsl[0];
        float sat = hsl[1];
        float light = hsl[2];

        sat *= light < .5 ? light : 1 - light;

        return new float[]{
                //[hue, saturation, value]
                //Range should be between 0 - 1

                hue, //Hue stays the same
                2f * sat / (light + sat), //Saturation
                light + sat //Value
        };
    }
}

According to Material Design Color Generator, to generate primaryColorDark, you need to darken by 12. Here is how to generate the full color palette exactly as Material Design Color Generator:

    setColor("50", ColorUtil.lighten(color, 52), mTv50);
    setColor("100", ColorUtil.lighten(color, 37), mTv100);
    setColor("200", ColorUtil.lighten(color, 26), mTv200);
    setColor("300", ColorUtil.lighten(color, 12), mTv300);
    setColor("400", ColorUtil.lighten(color, 6), mTv400);

    setColor("500", ColorUtil.lighten(color, 0), mTv500);

    setColor("600", ColorUtil.darken(color, 6), mTv600);
    setColor("700", ColorUtil.darken(color, 12), mTv700);
    setColor("800", ColorUtil.darken(color, 18), mTv800);
    setColor("900", ColorUtil.darken(color, 24), mTv900);