Do websockets allow for p2p (browser to browser) communication?

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No. Browsers can only initiate WebSockets connections, not receive them. The W3C browser API spec only defines how to start an outbound connection.

You can make an application that would both initiate and accept WebSockets connections, but browsers do not do this.

You might look at Pusher App which you could use to build a WebSockets application with multiple clients. The service provides up to 20 simultaneous WebSockets clients for free (you can pay for higher scaling).

Update:

The WebRTC protocol and API is making rapid progress and allows a Data Channel to be established between two peers (you still may need a STUN/TURN server for the initial NAT traversal and setup).

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