You could use combnPrim
from gRbase
source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
biocLite("gRbase") # will install dependent packages automatically.
system.time({
d.1 <- as.data.table(t(combn(d$id, 2)))
})
# user system elapsed
# 27.322 0.585 27.674
system.time({
d.2 <- as.data.table(t(combnPrim(d$id,2)))
})
# user system elapsed
# 2.317 0.110 2.425
identical(d.1[order(V1, V2),], d.2[order(V1,V2),])
#[1] TRUE