find matching text and replace next line

by

One way:
Sample file

$ cat file
Cygwin
Unix
Linux
Solaris
AIX

Using sed, replacing the next line after the pattern ‘Unix’ with ‘hi’:

$ sed '/Unix/{n;s/.*/hi/}' file
Cygwin
Unix
hi
Solaris
AIX

For your specific question:

$ sed '/<key>ConnectionString<\/key>/{n;s/<string>.*<\/string>/<string>NEW STRING<\/string>/}' your_file
<key>ConnectionString</key>
<string>NEW STRING</string>

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