Function in SQL Server 2008 similar to GREATEST in mysql?

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Not in SQL Server 2008 but these functions are/will be available finally in SQL Server (presumably SQL Server 2022)

the GREATEST and LEAST T-SQL functions are now generally available in
Azure SQL Database, as well as in Azure Synapse Analytics (serverless
SQL pools only) and Azure SQL Managed Instance.

The functions will also be available in upcoming releases of SQL
Server.

For previous versions you can use the fact a sub query can access the columns from the outer query so you can add a sub query Selecting the max from a union of those.

SELECT *, 
      (SELECT MAX(c) FROM (VALUES(number),(status)) T (c)) AS Greatest
FROM master..spt_values

Or for SQL Server 2000/2005

SELECT *, 
      (SELECT MAX(c) FROM 
                    (SELECT number AS c 
                     UNION ALL 
                     SELECT status) T) AS GreatestNumberOrStatus
FROM master..spt_values

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