How to do a case sensitive GROUP BY?

You need to cast the text as binary (or use a case-sensitive collation).

With temp as
(
  select 'Test' as name
  UNION ALL
  select 'TEST'
  UNION ALL
  select 'test'
  UNION ALL
  select 'tester'
  UNION ALL
  select 'tester'
)
Select Name, COUNT(name)
From temp
Group By Name, Cast(name As varbinary(100))

Using a collation:

Select Name Collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS, COUNT(name)
From temp
Group By Name Collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS

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