How can I iterate through the unicode codepoints of a Java String?

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Yes, Java uses a UTF-16-esque encoding for internal representations of Strings, and, yes, it encodes characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) using the surrogacy scheme.

If you know you’ll be dealing with characters outside the BMP, then here is the canonical way to iterate over the characters of a Java String:

final int length = s.length();
for (int offset = 0; offset < length; ) {
   final int codepoint = s.codePointAt(offset);

   // do something with the codepoint

   offset += Character.charCount(codepoint);
}

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