How do I make a MySQL database run completely in memory?

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Assuming you understand the consequences of using the MEMORY engine as mentioned in comments, and here, as well as some others you’ll find by searching about (no transaction safety, locking issues, etc) – you can proceed as follows:

MEMORY tables are stored differently than InnoDB, so you’ll need to use an export/import strategy. First dump each table separately to a file using SELECT * FROM tablename INTO OUTFILE 'table_filename'. Create the MEMORY database and recreate the tables you’ll be using with this syntax: CREATE TABLE tablename (...) ENGINE = MEMORY;. You can then import your data using LOAD DATA INFILE 'table_filename' INTO TABLE tablename for each table.

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