How do I set Java’s min and max heap size through environment variables?

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You can’t do it using environment variables directly. You need to use the set of “non standard” options that are passed to the java command. Run: java -X for details. The options you’re looking for are -Xmx and -Xms (this is “initial” heap size, so probably what you’re looking for.)

Some products like Ant or Tomcat might come with a batch script that looks for the JAVA_OPTS environment variable, but it’s not part of the Java runtime. If you are using one of those products, you may be able to set the variable like: 

set JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx256m"

You can also take this approach with your own command line like: 

set JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx256m"  
java ${JAVA_OPTS} MyClass

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