How do you get the icon, MIME type, and application associated with a file in the Linux Desktop?

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Here is an example of using GLib/GIO to get the information you want.

#include <gio/gio.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
    g_thread_init (NULL);
    g_type_init ();

    if (argc < 2)
        return -1;

    GError *error;
    GFile *file = g_file_new_for_path (argv[1]);
    GFileInfo *file_info = g_file_query_info (file,
                                              "standard::*",
                                              0,
                                              NULL,
                                              &error);

    const char *content_type = g_file_info_get_content_type (file_info);
    char *desc = g_content_type_get_description (content_type);
    GAppInfo *app_info = g_app_info_get_default_for_type (
                                  content_type,
                                  FALSE);

    /* you'd have to use g_loadable_icon_load to get the actual icon */
    GIcon *icon = g_file_info_get_icon (file_info);

    printf ("File: %s\nDescription: %s\nDefault Application: %s\n",
            argv[1],
            desc,
            g_app_info_get_executable (app_info));

    return 0;
}

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