How does a Windows antivirus hook into the file access process?

In the recent versions of windows (at least XP onwards) there is the concept ‘filters’ which can be viewed using MS Filter Manager, (fltmc.exe from a command prompt)

This provides a low level I/O hook that AV programs can access and automatically register to be passed all I/O requests to the file system. It is a kit you can get the drivers for an develop your own filters for.

http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/filterdrv/default.mspx is a starting place to get in depth info.

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