How does MySQL CASE work?

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CASE is more like a switch statement. It has two syntaxes you can use. The first lets you use any compare statements you want:

CASE 
    WHEN user_role="Manager" then 4
    WHEN user_name="Tom" then 27
    WHEN columnA <> columnB then 99
    ELSE -1 --unknown
END

The second style is for when you are only examining one value, and is a little more succinct:

CASE user_role
    WHEN 'Manager' then 4
    WHEN 'Part Time' then 7
    ELSE -1 --unknown
END

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